Biology: Genetics and Evolution Flashcards
6 cards from real GAOKAO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Biology: Genetics and Evolution flashcards as text
What is the term for the observable physical characteristics of an organism determined by its genes and environment?
Answer: Phenotype
Phenotype refers to the physical expression of traits, such as eye color or height, influenced by both genotype and environment.
In Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment, genes on different chromosomes are inherited:
Answer: Independently of each other
Genes located on non-homologous chromosomes segregate independently during meiosis, producing varied combinations in offspring.
Which process produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the normal chromosome number?
Answer: Meiosis
Meiosis is a two-stage cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing haploid gametes.
Fossils, comparative anatomy, and DNA sequence comparisons are all types of evidence for:
Answer: Evolutionary relationships
These lines of evidence collectively support the theory of evolution by revealing shared ancestry and gradual change over time.
What term describes the change in allele frequencies in a population due to random chance, especially in small populations?
Answer: Genetic drift
Genetic drift is the random fluctuation of allele frequencies due to chance events, most significant in small populations.
In a dihybrid cross between two AABB and aabb parents, what is the genotype of all F1 offspring?
Answer: AaBb
Each F1 offspring receives one dominant and one recessive allele for each gene from its parents, giving genotype AaBb.