FUNDAMENTAL SURVEYING Angles, Bearings & Azimuths 2

Question 1

What instrument is used to directly measure horizontal and vertical angles in modern surveying?

Accepted Answer

Total station or theodolite

Answer

A total station (or theodolite) measures both horizontal and vertical angles electronically, and most also measure distances with a built-in EDM.

Question 2

Measuring a horizontal angle in both the direct and reverse positions of a theodolite (face left and face right) is done to:

Accepted Answer

Eliminate instrumental errors such as eccentricity and collimation error

Answer

Face-left and face-right measurements cancel out systematic instrumental errors including horizontal collimation error, vertical axis error, and circle eccentricity.

Question 3

A vertical angle of -5 degrees 30 minutes indicates the line of sight is:

Accepted Answer

Directed downward (a depression angle)

Answer

Negative vertical angles (depression angles) indicate the target is below the instrument's horizontal plane.

Question 4

What is 'grid north' in the context of US state plane coordinates?

Accepted Answer

The north direction of the state plane coordinate grid lines

Answer

Grid north is the direction of the northing (y-axis) grid lines in a state plane coordinate system, which differs slightly from true north except along the central meridian.

Question 5

Converting a bearing of S 45 W to an azimuth gives:

Accepted Answer

225 degrees

Answer

S 45 W means 45 degrees west of south; azimuth = 180 + 45 = 225 degrees.

FUNDAMENTAL SURVEYING Practice Test

FUNDAMENTAL SURVEYING Practice Test

FUNDAMENTAL SURVEYING Angles, Bearings & Azimuths 2