Free SAT Biology Organismal Biology & Physiology Questions and Answers

Question 1

What is the function of the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

Transports substances

Answer

The circulatory system, comprising the heart, blood vessels, and blood, is responsible for transporting essential substances throughout the body. It delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells, carries hormones, and removes waste products like carbon dioxide. This vital transport network ensures all body tissues receive what they need to function.

Question 2

Which organ system controls body responses?

Accepted Answer

Nervous system

Answer

The nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, is the body's primary control and communication system. It detects stimuli, processes information, and coordinates rapid responses to both internal and external changes. This system enables thought, movement, sensation, and the regulation of vital bodily functions.

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for gas exchange in humans?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Alveoli are tiny, air-filled sacs located at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs. Their extremely thin walls and large surface area facilitate the efficient exchange of oxygen from inhaled air into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide from the blood into the air to be exhaled. This critical function is essential for respiration.

Question 4

Which nutrient is the main energy source for cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Glucose is a simple sugar that serves as the primary and most readily available energy source for most cells in the body. Through cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the main energy currency of the cell. This process fuels all cellular activities, from muscle contraction to nerve impulses.

Question 5

Which system removes metabolic waste from the body?

Accepted Answer

Excretory system

Answer

The excretory system, primarily composed of the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra, is responsible for filtering blood and removing metabolic waste products from the body. It maintains fluid and electrolyte balance, ensuring the removal of toxins like urea while retaining essential substances. This system is vital for maintaining homeostasis.

SAT - Biology Subject Test Practice Test

SAT - Biology Subject Test Practice Test

Free SAT Biology Organismal Biology & Physiology Questions and Answers