Free Mettl Coding Fundamentals and Logic Questions and Answers

Question 1

Which of the following statements accurately describes the primary characteristic of a Stack data structure?

Accepted Answer

Elements are inserted and removed from the same end, following a Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) principle.

Answer

A Stack is an abstract data type that serves as a collection of elements. Its principal operations are 'push' (adding an element) and 'pop' (removing the most recently added element). This behavior is known as Last-In, First-Out (LIFO).

Question 2

Analyze the following pseudocode snippet. What is its time complexity in Big O notation, where 'N' is the size of the `data_array`?

```
FUNCTION process_data(data_array)
  FOR i FROM 0 TO N-1
    PRINT data_array[i]
  ENDFOR
ENDFUNCTION
```

Accepted Answer

O(N) - Linear time

Answer

The code contains a single loop that iterates through the `data_array` once. The number of operations is directly proportional to the number of elements (N) in the array. Therefore, the time complexity is linear, represented as O(N).

Question 3

What will be the final value of the variable `counter` after the following pseudocode is executed?

```
SET counter = 0
SET i = 1
WHILE i <= 5
  IF i % 2 == 0 THEN
    counter = counter + i
  ENDIF
  i = i + 1
ENDWHILE
```

Accepted Answer

6

Answer

The loop runs for `i` values from 1 to 5. The `IF` condition `i % 2 == 0` checks if `i` is an even number. The `counter` is only incremented when `i` is even. The even numbers in the range are 2 and 4. Thus, the final value of `counter` will be 0 + 2 + 4 = 6.

Question 4

A program has three boolean variables: `is_registered`, `has_paid`, and `is_admin`. Access is granted if a user is an admin, OR if they are registered AND have paid. Which boolean expression correctly represents this logic?

Accepted Answer

(is_registered AND has_paid) OR is_admin

Answer

The condition has two main parts connected by 'OR': 1) the user is an admin (`is_admin`), or 2) the user is registered AND has paid (`is_registered AND has_paid`). Combining these with OR gives the correct expression: `(is_registered AND has_paid) OR is_admin`.

Question 5

Consider the following recursive function written in pseudocode. What is the result of calling `calculate(4)`?

```
FUNCTION calculate(n)
  IF n <= 1 THEN
    RETURN 1
  ELSE
    RETURN n + calculate(n - 1)
  ENDIF
ENDFUNCTION
```

Accepted Answer

10

Answer

This function recursively calculates the sum of numbers from `n` down to 1. The calls would be: `calculate(4)` -> 4 + `calculate(3)` -> 4 + (3 + `calculate(2)`) -> 4 + (3 + (2 + `calculate(1)`)) -> 4 + (3 + (2 + 1)). The final result is 10.

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Free Mettl Coding Fundamentals and Logic Questions and Answers