CST Sterilization & Infection Control

Question 1

What is the most reliable method of sterilization?

Accepted Answer

Steam under pressure (autoclave)

Answer

Steam sterilization, using an autoclave, is considered the most reliable and effective method for sterilizing heat- and moisture-stable medical instruments. The combination of high temperature and pressure ensures the destruction of all microorganisms, including spores, which are highly resistant. This method is crucial in surgical settings to prevent surgical site infections.

Question 2

Why is hand hygiene important in infection control?

Accepted Answer

It reduces the spread of pathogens

Answer

Hand hygiene, including handwashing and the use of alcohol-based hand rubs, is the single most effective measure to prevent the spread of infections. Healthcare professionals' hands can easily transfer pathogens from one patient or surface to another. Proper hand hygiene significantly reduces the microbial load, thereby minimizing the risk of healthcare-associated infections.

Question 3

How should instruments be positioned in the autoclave?

Accepted Answer

Loosely arranged to allow steam circulation

Answer

For effective steam sterilization, steam must be able to penetrate all surfaces of the instruments. Tightly packed or stacked instruments can create air pockets or block steam flow, preventing proper sterilization. Loosely arranging instruments ensures maximum exposure to steam, guaranteeing that all items reach the required temperature and pressure for microbial destruction.

Question 4

What is the role of biological indicators in sterilization?

Accepted Answer

To confirm all microbes are destroyed

Answer

Biological indicators (BIs) contain highly resistant bacterial spores and are used to provide the highest level of assurance that sterilization conditions were met and all microorganisms, including spores, have been destroyed. Unlike chemical indicators, BIs directly test the lethality of the sterilization process. A negative BI result confirms the effectiveness of the sterilizer.

Question 5

Which PPE is essential during decontamination?

Accepted Answer

Gloves, gown, mask, and eye protection

Answer

Decontamination involves handling potentially infectious materials, requiring comprehensive personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect healthcare workers. Gloves prevent skin contact with contaminants, gowns protect clothing, and masks and eye protection shield mucous membranes from splashes or aerosols. This full ensemble minimizes exposure risks and ensures safety during the cleaning process.

(CST) Certified Surgical Technician Practice Test

(CST) Certified Surgical Technician Practice Test

CST Sterilization & Infection Control