FREE CGC Medical Genetics & Genomic Knowledge Questions and Answers

Question 1

What is the function of a gene?

Accepted Answer

Carry genetic instructions

Answer

A gene is a fundamental unit of heredity that carries genetic instructions from parents to offspring. These instructions are encoded in DNA and dictate the synthesis of proteins or functional RNA molecules, which in turn control the development, function, and maintenance of an organism. Genes are essentially the blueprints for all cellular processes and traits.

Question 2

Which of the following describes a mutation?

Accepted Answer

A change in the DNA sequence

Answer

A mutation is defined as a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. These changes can range from a single nucleotide alteration to large-scale chromosomal rearrangements. Mutations can occur spontaneously or be induced by external factors, and they are the ultimate source of genetic variation, sometimes leading to disease or providing evolutionary advantage.

Question 3

What is the role of chromosomes in genetics?

Accepted Answer

Transmit DNA to new cells

Answer

Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells, made of protein and a single molecule of DNA. Their primary role in genetics is to package and organize DNA, ensuring that genetic information is accurately transmitted to new cells during cell division and from one generation to the next. They carry the genes that determine an individual's traits.

Question 4

What does autosomal recessive inheritance mean?

Accepted Answer

Two copies of a gene must be mutated

Answer

Autosomal recessive inheritance means that an individual must inherit two copies of a mutated gene—one from each parent—to develop the associated disease. Individuals with only one mutated copy are typically carriers and do not show symptoms. The gene responsible is located on an autosome (a non-sex chromosome).

Question 5

Which condition is commonly inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern?

Accepted Answer

Marfan syndrome

Answer

Marfan syndrome is a classic example of a condition inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. This means that only one copy of the mutated gene (FBN1) is sufficient to cause the disorder. Affected individuals have a 50% chance of passing the condition to each of their children, regardless of the child's sex.

CGC - Certified Genetic Counselor Practice Test

CGC - Certified Genetic Counselor Practice Test

FREE CGC Medical Genetics & Genomic Knowledge Questions and Answers