Trivia FPGEE Exam Flashcards

What do IND and NDA, respectively, stand for?

Answer: Investigation New Drug, New Drug Application

In the pharmaceutical regulatory process, IND stands for Investigational New Drug. This application is submitted to the FDA before a drug can be tested in human clinical trials. NDA stands for New Drug Application, which is submitted to the FDA after successful clinical trials to request approval for marketing a new drug for public use.

Venlafaxine is sold under the trade name Effexor. Vardenafil is sold under the brand name Levitra. The other matches are accurate.

Answer: Levitra-Venlafaxine

Levitra is the brand name for the drug Vardenafil, which is used to treat erectile dysfunction. Venlafaxine, on the other hand, is an antidepressant sold under the brand name Effexor. Therefore, the pairing of Levitra with Venlafaxine is incorrect, while the other brand-generic matches provided are accurate.

Alcohol and metronidazole are reported to respond similarly to disulfiram. Which dosage type for metronidazole would be the best?

Answer: As a suspension

Metronidazole can cause a disulfiram-like reaction when consumed with alcohol, leading to unpleasant symptoms like flushing, nausea, and vomiting. To avoid any potential alcohol content, metronidazole should be administered in a dosage form that is entirely alcohol-free. A suspension is a suitable option, unlike spirits, fluid extracts, or tinctures, which typically contain alcohol.

What is the gentamicin's mode of action?

Answer: It is an aminoglycoside and is bacteriocidal against Gram (-) bacteria by irreversibly binding the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.

Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that exerts its bactericidal effects primarily against Gram-negative bacteria. Its mode of action involves irreversibly binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This binding disrupts bacterial protein synthesis, leading to the production of faulty proteins and ultimately bacterial cell death.

Which of the following is not a lupus-like syndrome sign, symptom, or complication?

Answer: Arrhythmia

Lupus-like syndrome, particularly drug-induced lupus erythematosus, commonly presents with symptoms such as a red, scaly, macular rash, joint pain (arthralgia), and fever. While systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can affect various organs, including the heart, arrhythmia is not typically considered a primary or defining sign, symptom, or complication of drug-induced lupus or lupus-like syndrome, unlike the other options.

Which of the following situations makes itraconazole use contraindicated?

Answer: Fungal meningitis

Itraconazole is an antifungal medication that has poor penetration into the central nervous system (CNS). Due to this limited CNS penetration, it is generally contraindicated or not recommended for the treatment of fungal meningitis, where high drug concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid are essential for effective therapy. Other conditions listed are not contraindications for its use.

Long chains, or ______________, are how humans store glucose.

Answer: Glycogen

Humans store excess glucose in the form of glycogen, which is a highly branched polysaccharide. This complex carbohydrate serves as a readily available energy reserve, primarily stored in the liver and muscle cells. Starch is the storage form of glucose in plants, while disaccharides and monosaccharides are smaller sugar units.