FE FE Cardiac Biometry & Measurements 2

Question 1

The myocardial performance index (MPI, Tei index) is calculated using which formula?

Accepted Answer

(ICT + IRT) / ET

Answer

MPI = (isovolumetric contraction time + isovolumetric relaxation time) / ejection time; a higher value indicates worse global ventricular function.

Question 2

The normal fetal left ventricular myocardial performance index (MPI) is approximately:

Accepted Answer

0.30–0.45

Answer

Normal fetal LV MPI is approximately 0.36 ± 0.06, placing the expected range at roughly 0.30–0.45; values above 0.50 suggest ventricular dysfunction.

Question 3

In early second-trimester fetuses, the mitral and tricuspid valve E/A ratio is typically:

Accepted Answer

Less than 1.0 (atrial contraction wave dominates)

Answer

In early gestation the fetal myocardium is relatively stiff, so passive (E wave) filling is less than active atrial contraction (A wave), giving an E/A ratio less than 1.0 that gradually increases toward term.

Question 4

Which Doppler measurement at the aortic isthmus best reflects the balance between cerebral and placental vascular resistance?

Accepted Answer

Pulsatility index (PI)

Answer

The aortic isthmus pulsatility index reflects the impedance balance between cerebrovascular (downstream of the arch) and uteroplacental (downstream of the ductus) circuits, making it a sensitive marker of fetal redistribution.

Question 5

The ductus venosus pulsatility index for veins (PIV) is calculated as:

Accepted Answer

(S − a) / TAMXV

Answer

DV PIV = (peak systolic velocity S minus atrial contraction nadir a) divided by time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMXV), capturing the full pulsatility range.

(FE) Fetal Echocardiography Certification Practice Test

(FE) Fetal Echocardiography Certification Practice Test

FE FE Cardiac Biometry & Measurements 2