FE FE Cardiac Biometry & Measurements

Question 1

What is the normal cardiothoracic area ratio (CTR) in a normal fetus on the four-chamber view?

Accepted Answer

Less than 0.33 (approximately 1/3 of thoracic area)

Answer

Less than 0.20

Answer

Less than 0.50

Answer

Less than 0.60

Question 2

The normal fetal cardiac axis (angle of the interventricular septum relative to the anterior-posterior midline) is approximately:

Accepted Answer

45° ± 20° to the left

Answer

30° ± 5° to the left

Answer

60° ± 5° to the left

Answer

90° ± 15° to the left

Question 3

In fetal cardiac biometry, z-scores normalize measurements primarily against which parameter?

Accepted Answer

Estimated fetal weight or gestational age

Answer

Crown-rump length only

Answer

Head circumference only

Answer

Abdominal circumference only

Question 4

The mitral and tricuspid valve annulus diameters are most accurately measured in which view and at which phase of the cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

Four-chamber view at end-diastole

Answer

Long-axis view at peak systole

Answer

Short-axis view at mid-systole

Answer

Five-chamber view at end-systole

Question 5

When measuring the aortic valve annulus by fetal echocardiography, the standard technique is:

Accepted Answer

Peak systole, inner edge to inner edge

Answer

End-diastole, leading edge to leading edge

Answer

Mid-systole, outer edge to outer edge

Answer

End-systole, inner edge to outer edge

Question 6

In normal fetal circulation, the main pulmonary artery (MPA) to aorta (Ao) diameter ratio is approximately:

Accepted Answer

1.1–1.3 (pulmonary artery slightly larger)

Answer

0.7–0.8 (aorta larger)

Answer

Exactly 1.0 (equal size)

Answer

1.5–2.0 (pulmonary artery much larger)

Question 7

What is the expected right ventricular (RV) to left ventricular (LV) size relationship in a normal fetus on the four-chamber view?

Accepted Answer

Approximately equal, with the RV mildly dominant (RV:LV ≈ 1.0–1.1)

Answer

LV is clearly larger (RV:LV ≈ 0.6–0.7)

Answer

RV is markedly larger (RV:LV ≈ 1.5–2.0)

Answer

LV is always dominant after 28 weeks