FE Congenital Heart Disease Recognition 3

Question 1

The 'boot-shaped heart' appearance on imaging is classically associated with which congenital defect?

Accepted Answer

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer

Tetralogy of Fallot can produce a boot-shaped cardiac silhouette due to right ventricular hypertrophy and a concave main pulmonary artery segment.

Question 2

In Ebstein anomaly, the echocardiographic hallmark is:

Accepted Answer

Apical displacement of the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle

Answer

Ebstein anomaly is defined by apical displacement of the septal and posterior tricuspid leaflets, leading to 'atrialization' of part of the right ventricle.

Question 3

Which congenital heart defect is most frequently associated with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)?

Accepted Answer

Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)

Answer

Complete atrioventricular septal defect is the most common cardiac defect in trisomy 21, occurring in approximately 40-50% of affected individuals.

Question 4

On the three-vessel trachea (3VT) view, a 'V-shape' formed by the ductal and aortic arches pointing toward the trachea is the normal appearance. An 'U-shape' suggests:

Accepted Answer

Right aortic arch with or without vascular ring

Answer

A U-shape on the 3VT view indicates a right-sided aortic arch, which may be associated with a vascular ring encircling the trachea and esophagus.

Question 5

Which feature differentiates a complete atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) from a partial AVSD on fetal echocardiography?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a common AV valve with inlet VSD component in complete AVSD

Answer

Complete AVSD has a single common AV valve orifice bridging both ventricles plus an inlet VSD, whereas partial AVSD has two separate AV valve orifices without an inlet VSD.

(FE) Fetal Echocardiography Certification Practice Test

(FE) Fetal Echocardiography Certification Practice Test

FE Congenital Heart Disease Recognition 3