Fetal Cardiac Anatomy & Development Flashcards
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Read the first 7 Fetal Cardiac Anatomy & Development flashcards as text
During cardiac development, neural crest cells primarily contribute to formation of which structure?
Answer: Conotruncal septum and great vessel walls
Cardiac neural crest cells migrate into the outflow tract and form the aortopulmonary septum and the tunica media of the proximal great arteries.
Which echocardiographic view is used to demonstrate that the two great arteries arise from separate ventricles in the normal fetus?
Answer: Long-axis left ventricular outflow tract view
The long-axis LVOT view shows the aorta arising from the left ventricle, crossing beneath the pulmonary artery, confirming normal ventriculo-arterial concordance.
What is the normal direction of the foramen ovale flap (septum primum) motion in the fetus?
Answer: From right atrium into left atrium
The septum primum flap bows from right to left because right atrial pressure slightly exceeds left atrial pressure in fetal life, allowing preferential shunting.
The primum atrial septal defect results from incomplete fusion of which two structures?
Answer: Septum primum and endocardial cushions
An ostium primum ASD occurs when the inferior edge of septum primum fails to fuse with the endocardial cushions, leaving a defect at the atrioventricular junction.
Which of the following correctly describes normal ventriculo-arterial concordance?
Answer: Aorta from left ventricle, pulmonary artery from right ventricle
Normal concordance means the aorta arises from the morphologic left ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the morphologic right ventricle.
By what gestational week is cardiac septation (atrial and ventricular) normally complete in the human embryo?
Answer: Week 7–8
Cardiac septation, including closure of the interventricular foramen and fusion of endocardial cushions, is essentially complete by weeks 7–8 of embryonic development.
Which vessel carries the lowest oxygen saturation in fetal circulation?
Answer: Umbilical arteries
The umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus back to the placenta and have the lowest oxygen saturation of any fetal vessel.
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