FE FE Cardiac Biometry & Measurements 3

Question 1

A z-score of −2.0 for the aortic valve annulus diameter means the measurement is:

Accepted Answer

2 standard deviations below the mean for gestational age

Answer

2 standard deviations above the mean for gestational age

Answer

Within normal limits (±2 SD is normal)

Answer

Uninterpretable without postnatal confirmation

Question 2

Fetal ventricular stroke volume is calculated using which formula?

Accepted Answer

VTI × cross-sectional area of the outflow tract

Answer

Heart rate × end-diastolic diameter

Answer

Peak velocity × vessel length

Answer

Mean velocity × cardiac cycle duration

Question 3

The normal combined cardiac output (CCO) in a near-term fetus is approximately:

Accepted Answer

300–500 mL/kg/min

Answer

50–100 mL/kg/min

Answer

150–200 mL/kg/min

Answer

800–1000 mL/kg/min

Question 4

Why are z-scores preferred over absolute measurements when assessing fetal cardiac dimensions?

Accepted Answer

They correct for gestational age and fetal size, enabling comparison across different fetuses

Answer

They eliminate the need for Doppler measurements

Answer

They are required only for abnormal findings

Answer

They replace the need for serial examinations

Question 5

The normal fetal heart rate range throughout most of the second and third trimesters is:

Accepted Answer

120–160 bpm

Answer

80–110 bpm

Answer

160–200 bpm

Answer

200–220 bpm

Question 6

When comparing right and left ventricular dimensions in fetal biometry, a right-to-left ventricular transverse diameter ratio greater than 1.6 most likely suggests:

Accepted Answer

Left heart hypoplasia or right heart volume overload

Answer

Normal fetal circulation

Answer

Isolated right ventricular hypertrophy only

Answer

Measurement error if the fetus is active

Question 7

Normal pulmonary vein Doppler in a healthy fetus demonstrates:

Accepted Answer

Pulsatile forward flow throughout the cycle, including during atrial contraction

Answer

Continuous non-pulsatile flow

Answer

Reversal of flow during atrial contraction

Answer

Absent diastolic component with systolic-only flow