FAST Future Aptitude Selection Tool Logical Reasoning 3

Question 1

A cat has 4 legs, a dog has 4 legs, and a horse has 4 legs. What is the best inductive generalization from these observations?

Accepted Answer

Most mammals have 4 legs

Answer

Inductive reasoning from these examples best supports that many mammals have 4 legs, not that every animal does.

Question 2

Which statement is an example of inductive reasoning?

Accepted Answer

I have observed 100 white swans; therefore all swans are white

Answer

Inductive reasoning draws a general conclusion from specific observations, like concluding all swans are white after observing many.

Question 3

Which argument contains a logical fallacy? 'Some cats are black. Whiskers is a cat. Therefore, Whiskers is black.'

Accepted Answer

The argument is a fallacy because 'some' does not mean 'all'

Answer

Concluding Whiskers is black from 'some cats are black' is a fallacy because 'some' does not imply 'all.'

Question 4

Three students from the same class scored 90, 85, and 95 on a test. A fourth student is most likely to score:

Accepted Answer

Around 85 to 95

Answer

Inductive reasoning suggests the fourth student would likely score in a range similar to the observed results.

Question 5

'Every time I eat peanuts I get a stomachache; therefore peanuts cause my stomachaches.' This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning

Answer

This is inductive reasoning — drawing a general conclusion from repeated specific personal observations.

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