Family Practice Exam Pediatric Care 5

Question 1

A 3-year-old has a temperature of 40°C and a petechial rash spreading rapidly from the trunk. She appears toxic. What is the most urgent concern?

Accepted Answer

Meningococcemia

Answer

Rapidly spreading petechiae or purpura with high fever and a toxic appearance in a child is meningococcemia until proven otherwise, requiring immediate empiric antibiotics.

Question 2

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in children ages 1-18 in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Unintentional injuries

Answer

Unintentional injuries (primarily motor vehicle accidents, drowning, and falls) are the single leading cause of death in children ages 1-18 in the US.

Question 3

A 14-year-old male presents with knee pain worsened by activity. There is tenderness over the tibial tubercle with a visible prominence. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Answer

Osgood-Schlatter disease is a traction apophysitis at the tibial tubercle, common in active adolescents during growth spurts, causing anterior knee pain and a bony prominence.

Question 4

Which of the following is a CONTRAINDICATION to breastfeeding in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Maternal HIV infection

Answer

Maternal HIV infection is a contraindication to breastfeeding in the US because safe infant formula is readily available and HIV can be transmitted through breast milk.

Question 5

A 7-year-old presents with a 'slapped cheek' facial rash and a lacy reticular rash on the trunk and extremities. She has been afebrile for 3 days. What is the causative organism?

Accepted Answer

Parvovirus B19

Answer

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) is caused by Parvovirus B19 and presents with the classic slapped-cheek appearance followed by a lacy reticular rash.

Family Practice Exam Practice Test

Family Practice Exam Practice Test

Family Practice Exam Pediatric Care 5