Family Practice Exam Pediatric Care 4

Question 1

A 4-year-old presents with scrotal swelling that transilluminates and is non-tender. The mass does not reduce. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Hydrocele

Answer

A non-tender, transilluminating scrotal mass in a young child is characteristic of a hydrocele, caused by fluid accumulation around the testis.

Question 2

A 10-year-old boy with asthma uses his albuterol inhaler more than 2 days per week. How should his asthma be classified?

Accepted Answer

Mild persistent asthma

Answer

Symptoms more than 2 days per week but not daily, with nighttime awakenings 3-4 times per month, classify asthma as mild persistent per NAEPP guidelines.

Question 3

A 15-year-old female presents with primary amenorrhea. She has breast development but no pubic hair and a blind vaginal pouch. Karyotype is 46,XY. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

Answer

Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) presents with 46,XY karyotype, absent pubic hair, blind vaginal pouch, and normal breast development due to peripheral estrogen conversion.

Question 4

Which finding on a newborn hip exam suggests developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)?

Accepted Answer

Galeazzi sign (unequal knee heights) and positive Ortolani test

Answer

DDH is detected by the Ortolani (reduction of dislocated hip with abduction) and Barlow (dislocation with adduction) maneuvers, along with Galeazzi sign showing unequal knee heights.

Question 5

A 2-year-old presents with episodes of breath-holding, turning blue, and then losing consciousness briefly. The episodes always follow minor frustration or pain. What is the most appropriate management?

Accepted Answer

Parental reassurance and behavioral guidance

Answer

Cyanotic breath-holding spells in toddlers are benign, self-limited, and triggered by emotional upset; they require only parental education and reassurance as no intervention prevents them.

Family Practice Exam Practice Test

Family Practice Exam Practice Test

Family Practice Exam Pediatric Care 4