Family Practice Exam Chronic Disease Management 4

Question 1

A 50-year-old obese patient with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes has no cardiovascular disease. Which medication offers the best combination of glycemic control and weight loss?

Accepted Answer

GLP-1 receptor agonist (semaglutide or liraglutide)

Answer

GLP-1 receptor agonists provide robust HbA1c reduction along with significant weight loss, making them ideal for obese type 2 diabetes patients.

Question 2

Which lifestyle intervention has the strongest evidence for reducing cardiovascular mortality in patients with established coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac rehabilitation program with structured exercise

Answer

Cardiac rehabilitation programs incorporating structured exercise have been shown in multiple trials to reduce cardiovascular mortality and hospitalizations in CAD patients.

Question 3

A patient with hypothyroidism is stable on levothyroxine but reports fatigue and weight gain. TSH is 6.8 mU/L. What is the next step?

Accepted Answer

Increase the levothyroxine dose and recheck TSH in 6–8 weeks

Answer

An elevated TSH indicates under-replacement; increasing the levothyroxine dose with follow-up TSH in 6–8 weeks is the appropriate management.

Question 4

Which drug class is preferred for hypertension management in a patient with diabetes and microalbuminuria?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitor or ARB

Answer

ACE inhibitors and ARBs are preferred in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria because they reduce intraglomerular pressure and slow progression of nephropathy beyond blood pressure control.

Question 5

A 70-year-old patient with COPD has a resting oxygen saturation of 87% on room air. What is the appropriate oxygen therapy recommendation?

Accepted Answer

Long-term supplemental oxygen to maintain SpO₂ ≥90%

Answer

Long-term oxygen therapy is indicated when resting SpO₂ is ≤88%, as it has been shown to improve survival in severe hypoxemic COPD.

Family Practice Exam Practice Test

Family Practice Exam Practice Test

Family Practice Exam Chronic Disease Management 4