ENT Rhinology and Sinonasal Disorders 2

Question 1

During FESS, the landmark 'basal lamella' separates which two structures?

Accepted Answer

Anterior and posterior ethmoid sinuses

Answer

The basal lamella of the middle turbinate is the key surgical landmark dividing the anterior ethmoid (drained by OMC) from the posterior ethmoid sinuses.

Question 2

Which biologic agent targeting the IL-4/IL-13 receptor was FDA-approved for CRS with nasal polyps in adults?

Accepted Answer

Dupilumab

Answer

Dupilumab (anti-IL-4Rα) is FDA-approved for CRS with nasal polyps, blocking both IL-4 and IL-13 signaling to reduce type 2 inflammation.

Question 3

A patient with CSF rhinorrhea after endoscopic skull base surgery most likely requires repair of a defect in which anatomic region?

Accepted Answer

Cribriform plate / fovea ethmoidalis

Answer

The cribriform plate and fovea ethmoidalis are the most common sites of iatrogenic CSF leaks during FESS due to their thin bony walls adjacent to the anterior skull base.

Question 4

Inverted papilloma of the sinonasal tract is clinically significant primarily because of its association with:

Accepted Answer

Risk of malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Inverted papilloma carries a 5–15% risk of malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma and tends to recur after incomplete excision.

Question 5

Turbinate hypertrophy causing nasal obstruction is most commonly treated conservatively with which agent class before considering surgical intervention?

Accepted Answer

Intranasal corticosteroids

Answer

Intranasal corticosteroids are first-line therapy for turbinate hypertrophy related to allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, reducing mucosal edema and congestion.

ENT - Ear, Nose, and Throat Specialist Certification Practice Test

ENT - Ear, Nose, and Throat Specialist Certification Practice Test

ENT Rhinology and Sinonasal Disorders 2