ENT Otolaryngologic Anatomy 3

Question 1

Where does the nasolacrimal duct open into the nasal cavity?

Accepted Answer

Inferior meatus

Answer

The nasolacrimal duct opens into the inferior meatus under the inferior turbinate, and Hasner's valve guards the opening.

Question 2

The sphenoid sinus ostium drains into which area?

Accepted Answer

Sphenoethmoidal recess

Answer

The sphenoid sinus drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess, which lies medial to the superior turbinate and above it.

Question 3

Which artery is the main source of posterior epistaxis?

Accepted Answer

Sphenopalatine artery

Answer

Posterior epistaxis usually comes from branches of the sphenopalatine artery, which is why endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation is a standard treatment.

Question 4

A posterior ethmoid cell that pneumatizes lateral to the sphenoid sinus and above it puts which structure at risk during surgery?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve

Answer

An Onodi (sphenoethmoidal) cell can surround the optic nerve, so the nerve is at risk during posterior ethmoidectomy.

Question 5

An ethmoid cell that pneumatizes along the medial orbital floor and can narrow the ethmoid infundibulum is called:

Accepted Answer

Haller cell

Answer

Haller (infraorbital ethmoid) cells lie under the orbit and can block maxillary sinus drainage.

ENT - Ear, Nose, and Throat Specialist Certification Practice Test

ENT - Ear, Nose, and Throat Specialist Certification Practice Test

ENT Otolaryngologic Anatomy 3