ENT ENT Pediatric and Special Populations

Question 1

What is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in children?

Accepted Answer

Otitis media with effusion (glue ear)

Answer

Otitis media with effusion ('glue ear') is the leading cause of conductive hearing loss in pediatric patients due to Eustachian tube dysfunction.

Question 2

According to EHDI/JCIH guidelines, by what age should newborn hearing screening be completed in the US?

Accepted Answer

1 month (before hospital discharge)

Answer

JCIH guidelines recommend universal newborn hearing screening before hospital discharge or by 1 month of age as part of the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention program.

Question 3

Which congenital anomaly involves an abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus?

Accepted Answer

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Answer

Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a congenital defect where an abnormal passage forms between the trachea and esophagus, often associated with esophageal atresia.

Question 4

What is the most common cause of chronic inspiratory stridor in infants?

Accepted Answer

Laryngomalacia

Answer

Laryngomalacia is the most frequent cause of chronic stridor in infants, caused by immature, floppy supraglottic cartilage that collapses during inspiration.

Question 5

Which syndrome is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss combined with thyroid goiter and is caused by SLC26A4 mutations?

Accepted Answer

Pendred syndrome

Answer

Pendred syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by SLC26A4 mutations, presenting with sensorineural hearing loss and thyroid goiter with normal vestibular function.

ENT - Ear, Nose, and Throat Specialist Certification Practice Test

ENT - Ear, Nose, and Throat Specialist Certification Practice Test

ENT ENT Pediatric and Special Populations