English Language and Composition Exam AP English Language and Composition Argumentation 5

Question 1

What is the term for the logical error of assuming that because one event followed another, the first caused the second?

Accepted Answer

Post hoc ergo propter hoc

Answer

Post hoc ergo propter hoc ('after this, therefore because of this') incorrectly equates sequence with causation.

Question 2

A writer uses the phrase 'scientists say' without naming specific researchers or studies. This weakens the argument primarily because:

Accepted Answer

It lacks specific, verifiable evidence that the reader can evaluate

Answer

Vague attribution ('scientists say') cannot be verified, making the logos appeal weak and the ethos of the source questionable.

Question 3

In the context of AP argument essays, what does 'line of reasoning' refer to?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of logically connected claims that move the reader from the thesis to the conclusion

Answer

A line of reasoning is the chain of linked claims and evidence that progressively builds and supports the central argument.

Question 4

Which sentence demonstrates the most effective use of evidence commentary in a body paragraph?

Accepted Answer

Smith reports a 15% drop in test scores, suggesting that current instructional methods may not be meeting students' needs.

Answer

Effective commentary cites the source, presents the evidence, and then interprets its significance without overclaiming.

Question 5

An author writes: 'My opponent has been divorced twice, so his views on family policy are worthless.' This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Ad hominem

Answer

Ad hominem attacks the person rather than their argument, which is a logical fallacy that does not address the actual claims.

English Language and Composition Exam Practice Test