This is a timed quiz. You will be given 60 seconds per question. Are you ready?
When a projectile is traveling through space it is giving off energy as it pushes away the air molecules. When it impacts with human tissue, kinetic energy is transferred from the projectile to the tissue. When this projectile is a high velocity missile, the tissue which absorbs this energy transfer is often damaged but not disrupted enough to be permanently damaged.
Direct pressure stops 90% of all bleeding and should be done first. If direct pressure does not work in the first minute or two, then digital pressure should be applied next. Next steps include elevation and finally a tourniquet for uncontrolled or excessive bleeding. Pressure dressings should only be used once bleeding has stopped.
All patient refusals must be an informed refusal and in writing. If you treat all three patients even though they refused you are guilty of battery
A hematoma is a large collection of blood, caused by larger blood vessels being damaged. A hematoma often is located between layers of tissues. A contusion is generally a smaller collection of blood within tissue such as the dermis. A bruise is a generic term which is often used interchangeably between a contusion and a larger hematoma.
Blunt trauma is not limited to just getting stabbed or shot. Blunt trauma is any injury which is caused by something penetrating the human body and having energy transferred to the human body. Blunt trauma can be caused by a decelerating injury like a front end impact of a car against a tree.
The brighter the blood, the more oxygen it holds. Since arterial blood comes from the heart, it is rich in oxygen
Crush injuries occur when tissue is caught between two objects causing increased pressure. When this pressure is exerted over a long period of time, tissue is damaged resulting in lacerations, fractures and anaerobic injuries. When blood flow is cut off, oxygen does not make it to the tissue which results in a reversion to anaerobic metabolism generating lactic and pyruvic acids. In time, this damages more tissue causing the release of more acids and by-products of incomplete metabolism. Eventual results are more swelling and coagulation problems, loss of tissue and loss of life.
Loss of a partial or entire extremity is classified as an amputation. Loss of tissue from any area is considered as an avulsion. Any lost tissue must be protected with moist dressings and then placed in cold saline.
The mechanism of injury transfers energy to the patient, causing a pattern of injury which is predictable. The way a patient is injured is referred to as the Mechanism of injury. For example, a frontal impact auto accident is considered a mechanism of injury. This allows the clinician to predict the type of injuries the patient may have and predict their response to treatment. Injury pattern can be predicted by looking at the mechanism of injury.
Because you do not know what caused the patient to became unconscious, spinal precautions need to be taken.
The height of the ladder is unimportant in your assessment as the patient may not have been at the top of the ladder when he fell.
Any time there is open skin over a fracture it is considered an open fracture. A greenstick is generally found in children whose bones have not fully ossified. Comminuted is a fracture resulting from extreme forces causing many smaller fractures at the site of the fracture.
Scene safety must be the first order of business upon approaching the scene. If you are injured then you cannot help those you were called to help. In addition, you will now compound the incident since you are now a victim. Body substance isolation is important after you arrive at the scene and approach the patient (s). Once you find the patient, then Airway/C-spine control are the next steps.
Elevating the leg above the heart can help control bleeding. IF that fails, the next step would be to use a pressure point. When applying bandages you should not remove the old ones, just apply the new ones over the old ones.
Any projectile which is traveling greater than 2,000 ft/sec is considered high velocity and carries with it a high potential for kinetic energy transfer. An example would include rifle rounds which can deliver a large projectile over long distances with devastating consequences.
