EmSAT Biology 2

Question 1

What is the primary function of the nephron in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Filtering blood and forming urine

Answer

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney; it filters blood, reabsorbs essential substances, and excretes waste as urine.

Question 2

Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels after a meal?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Insulin, secreted by beta cells of the pancreatic islets, promotes glucose uptake by cells and glycogen storage, lowering blood glucose.

Question 3

What is the main role of the alveoli in the human respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating gas exchange between air and blood

Answer

Alveoli have thin walls and a dense capillary network that allow O₂ to diffuse into the blood and CO₂ to diffuse out by passive diffusion.

Question 4

In an ecosystem, what term is given to organisms such as plants that produce their own organic food from inorganic materials?

Accepted Answer

Producers

Answer

Producers (autotrophs) use photosynthesis or chemosynthesis to convert inorganic compounds into organic food, forming the base of food chains.

Question 5

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Returning interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and supporting immune defence

Answer

The lymphatic system drains excess tissue fluid back into circulation and contains lymphocytes that mount immune responses against pathogens.

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