EmSAT Biology 2

Question 1

What is the primary function of the nephron in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Filtering blood and forming urine

Answer

Producing hormones such as erythropoietin

Answer

Absorbing nutrients from digested food

Answer

Pumping blood through the renal artery

Question 2

Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels after a meal?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 3

What is the main role of the alveoli in the human respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating gas exchange between air and blood

Answer

Filtering dust and pathogens from inhaled air

Answer

Producing the surfactant that keeps airways open

Answer

Moving air in and out of the lungs through muscular contractions

Question 4

In an ecosystem, what term is given to organisms such as plants that produce their own organic food from inorganic materials?

Accepted Answer

Producers

Answer

Consumers

Answer

Decomposers

Answer

Parasites

Question 5

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Returning interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and supporting immune defence

Answer

Digesting dietary fats in the small intestine

Answer

Producing red blood cells in lymph nodes

Answer

Regulating core body temperature through sweating

Question 6

What does the term 'biodiversity' refer to in ecology?

Accepted Answer

The variety of genes, species, and ecosystems within a defined area

Answer

The total biomass of plants in a given ecosystem

Answer

The rate of reproduction of the dominant species in a habitat

Answer

The geographic range over which a single species is distributed

Question 7

Which region of the brain controls involuntary vital functions such as breathing rate and heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hypothalamus