EDAIC Basic Sciences 5

Question 1

Which phase of hepatic drug metabolism involves oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis reactions via cytochrome P450 enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Phase I

Answer

Phase I metabolism introduces or exposes functional groups via CYP450-mediated oxidation/reduction/hydrolysis, often producing metabolites more reactive than the parent drug.

Question 2

In the context of neuromuscular monitoring, a train-of-four (TOF) ratio of less than 0.9 indicates:

Accepted Answer

Residual neuromuscular blockade

Answer

A TOF ratio <0.9 indicates incomplete recovery and is associated with clinically significant residual paralysis including impaired airway protective reflexes.

Question 3

Ketamine's unique cardiovascular stimulating properties are primarily mediated by:

Accepted Answer

Central sympathetic nervous system stimulation

Answer

Ketamine indirectly increases heart rate and blood pressure by stimulating central sympathetic outflow and inhibiting catecholamine reuptake, masking its direct myocardial depressant effects.

Question 4

The concentration of CO2 at the end of a normal tidal exhalation (PETCO2) is approximately how much less than PaCO2 in a healthy adult?

Accepted Answer

2–5 mmHg less

Answer

The normal Pa-ETCO2 gradient is 2–5 mmHg due to alveolar dead space diluting end-tidal CO2; this gradient widens with V/Q mismatch or increased dead space.

Question 5

Which factor most significantly determines the rate of inhalational anesthetic induction (speed of rise of FA/FI)?

Accepted Answer

Blood:gas partition coefficient of the agent

Answer

A low blood:gas partition coefficient means the agent is poorly soluble in blood, so alveolar partial pressure rises quickly toward inspired concentration, speeding induction.

EDAIC - European Diploma in Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Practice Test

EDAIC - European Diploma in Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Practice Test

EDAIC Basic Sciences 5