Echocardiogram Echocardiograms Anatomy and Physiology 2

Question 1

Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Mitral valve

Answer

The mitral (bicuspid) valve is the atrioventricular valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Question 2

The moderator band is a muscular structure found in which cardiac chamber?

Accepted Answer

Right ventricle

Answer

The moderator band (septomarginal trabecula) is a muscular band crossing the right ventricular cavity that carries part of the right bundle branch.

Question 3

What is the normal range for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in adults?

Accepted Answer

55–70%

Answer

A normal LVEF is generally accepted as 55–70%, indicating the percentage of blood ejected from the LV with each heartbeat.

Question 4

The chordae tendineae connect the atrioventricular valve leaflets to which structure?

Accepted Answer

Papillary muscles

Answer

Chordae tendineae are fibrous strings that tether the AV valve leaflets to the papillary muscles, preventing prolapse during systole.

Question 5

During isovolumetric relaxation, which valves are closed?

Accepted Answer

All four cardiac valves

Answer

Isovolumetric relaxation occurs after semilunar valve closure and before AV valve opening, so all four valves are simultaneously closed.

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