Echocardiogram Hemodynamics and Doppler Assessment

Question 1

The modified Bernoulli equation used in Doppler echocardiography is expressed as:

Accepted Answer

ΔP = 4V²

Answer

ΔP = 2V²

Answer

ΔP = 8V²

Answer

ΔP = V²/4

Question 2

Which Doppler modality is best suited for measuring high-velocity jets such as aortic stenosis?

Accepted Answer

Continuous-wave (CW) Doppler

Answer

Pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler

Answer

Color flow Doppler

Answer

Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI)

Question 3

The continuity equation for calculating aortic valve area uses which three measurements?

Accepted Answer

LVOT diameter, LVOT VTI, and AV VTI

Answer

LV dimensions, peak aortic velocity, and TR velocity

Answer

Heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output

Answer

RVOT diameter, pulmonary velocity, and aortic velocity

Question 4

Normal left ventricular filling pressure is best assessed by which Doppler ratio?

Accepted Answer

E/e' ratio using tissue Doppler

Answer

E/A ratio alone

Answer

Deceleration time of E wave alone

Answer

Pulmonary vein S/D ratio alone

Question 5

Aliasing on color flow Doppler occurs when the measured velocity exceeds which parameter?

Accepted Answer

The Nyquist limit (half the PRF)

Answer

The pulse repetition frequency (PRF)

Answer

The frame rate limit

Answer

The transducer frequency

Question 6

In the PISA method for quantifying mitral regurgitation, decreasing the Nyquist limit (aliasing velocity) causes the PISA radius to:

Accepted Answer

Increase, making it easier to measure

Answer

Decrease, underestimating regurgitation

Answer

Remain unchanged

Answer

Cause aliasing artifact only