DPM Pediatric Podiatry

Question 1

What is the most common congenital foot deformity present at birth?

Accepted Answer

Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)

Answer

Metatarsus adductus

Answer

Congenital flatfoot

Answer

Cavus foot

Question 2

Which treatment method is considered the gold standard first-line approach for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)?

Accepted Answer

Ponseti casting method

Answer

Early surgical correction

Answer

Denis Browne splinting alone

Answer

Passive stretching only

Question 3

Metatarsus adductus is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Medial deviation of the forefoot relative to the hindfoot

Answer

Lateral deviation of the forefoot relative to the hindfoot

Answer

Plantarflexion of the entire foot

Answer

Dorsiflexion deformity of all toes

Question 4

Which classification system is most commonly used to grade the severity of metatarsus adductus?

Accepted Answer

Bleck classification

Answer

Salter-Harris classification

Answer

Lauge-Hansen classification

Answer

Weber classification

Question 5

Calcaneovalgus foot deformity in newborns is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot

Answer

Inversion and plantarflexion of the foot

Answer

Supination and adduction of the forefoot

Answer

Equinus position with heel varus

Question 6

The most common cause of in-toeing gait in children aged 3–10 years is:

Accepted Answer

Femoral anteversion

Answer

Metatarsus adductus

Answer

Internal tibial torsion

Answer

Clubfoot residual

Question 7

At what age does the medial longitudinal arch typically complete its development in children?

Accepted Answer

By 6–8 years

Answer

By 18 months

Answer

By 3 years

Answer

Not until puberty