Pediatric Nursing Flashcards

A child with suspected epiglottitis arrives at the emergency department. What action should the nurse avoid?

Answer: Attempting to visualize the throat with a tongue depressor

In epiglottitis, inserting a tongue depressor or attempting throat examination can trigger laryngospasm and complete airway obstruction. The airway must be secured in a controlled setting (OR with anesthesia backup) before any oral examination.

What is the recommended site for intraosseous (IO) access in a child in cardiac arrest when IV access cannot be established?

Answer: Proximal tibia, 1–2 cm below the tibial tuberosity

The proximal tibia is the preferred IO site in children because it is easily accessible, has a flat medial surface, and is distant from chest compressions. IO access provides rapid vascular access for fluids and medications when IV access fails.

A 10-month-old infant is brought in after being found unresponsive. The nurse suspects non-accidental trauma. Which injury pattern is most associated with abusive head trauma?

Answer: Retinal hemorrhages and subdural hematoma without adequate explanation

Abusive head trauma (shaken baby syndrome) classically causes bilateral retinal hemorrhages, subdural hematoma (from bridging vein tears), and diffuse axonal injury — all without adequate history. Unexplained intracranial injury in infants is a red flag for abuse.

Which immunization is recommended at birth for all neonates in the UAE?

Answer: Hepatitis B vaccine

In the UAE National Immunization Schedule, neonates receive BCG (tuberculosis prevention) and the first dose of Hepatitis B vaccine at birth. The Hepatitis B birth dose prevents vertical transmission from HBsAg-positive mothers.

A 7-year-old has a blood glucose of 38 mg/dL and is conscious and able to swallow. What is the priority treatment?

Answer: Give 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrates orally and recheck glucose in 15 minutes

The '15-15 rule' for conscious hypoglycemic children: give 15 g of fast-acting carbohydrate (4 oz juice, glucose tablets), wait 15 minutes, recheck blood glucose. If still <70 mg/dL, repeat. IV dextrose and glucagon are for unconscious patients.

Which finding in a newborn requires immediate reporting to the physician?

Answer: Respiratory rate of 68 breaths per minute at rest

Normal neonatal respiratory rate is 30–60 breaths per minute. A rate of 68 bpm (tachypnea) at rest suggests respiratory distress and requires immediate assessment. Acrocyanosis, HR 148, and meconium within 24 hours are all normal neonatal findings.