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Type 1 Diabetes Flashcards

7 cards from real Diabetes practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Type 1 Diabetes flashcards as text

  1. A patient with Type 1 diabetes uses an insulin pump. Which insulin is used in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII)?

    Answer: Rapid-acting insulin analog

    Insulin pumps use only rapid-acting insulin analogs (e.g., lispro, aspart, glulisine) delivered continuously as basal and in boluses for meals.

  2. Which complication is unique to Type 1 diabetes and rarely seen in Type 2?

    Answer: Diabetic ketoacidosis

    DKA occurs almost exclusively in Type 1 diabetes due to absolute insulin deficiency, which drives unregulated ketogenesis.

  3. What is the carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio used for in Type 1 diabetes management?

    Answer: Calculating mealtime bolus insulin doses

    The carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio (e.g., 1 unit per 15g carbs) is used to calculate how much rapid-acting insulin to take with each meal.

  4. Which finding on urinalysis is an early marker of diabetic nephropathy in Type 1 diabetes?

    Answer: Microalbuminuria (30–300 mg/day)

    Microalbuminuria (moderately increased albuminuria) is the earliest clinical marker of diabetic nephropathy and indicates glomerular damage.

  5. How does exercise typically affect blood glucose in a patient with Type 1 diabetes during aerobic activity?

    Answer: Generally decreases blood glucose due to increased glucose uptake

    Aerobic exercise increases muscle glucose uptake independent of insulin, which typically lowers blood glucose and may require carbohydrate supplementation.

  6. What is the pathophysiological reason Type 1 diabetics develop ketoacidosis but Type 2 diabetics typically do not?

    Answer: Type 1 patients have absolute insulin deficiency; even small amounts in Type 2 suppress ketogenesis

    Even residual insulin in Type 2 diabetes is sufficient to inhibit hepatic lipolysis and ketogenesis, whereas absolute deficiency in Type 1 allows uncontrolled fat breakdown.

  7. Which immunosuppressive approach has been FDA-approved to delay progression to Stage 3 Type 1 diabetes in at-risk individuals?

    Answer: Teplizumab (anti-CD3 antibody)

    Teplizumab, an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, was FDA-approved in 2022 to delay the onset of clinical Type 1 diabetes in high-risk Stage 2 individuals.