DHA Nursing Critical Care & Emergency 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: In adult basic life support (BLS), what is the correct chest compression rate?
- 100–120 compressions per minute (Correct answer)
- 60–80 compressions per minute
- 40–60 compressions per minute
- 130–150 compressions per minute
Correct answer: 100–120 compressions per minute
The American Heart Association and current BLS guidelines recommend a chest compression rate of 100–120 per minute to maintain adequate cardiac output during CPR.
Question 2: Which arterial blood gas (ABG) finding is consistent with respiratory acidosis?
- pH < 7.35 with PaCO2 > 45 mmHg (Correct answer)
- pH > 7.45 with PaCO2 < 35 mmHg
- pH < 7.35 with PaCO2 < 35 mmHg
- pH > 7.45 with PaCO2 > 45 mmHg
Correct answer: pH < 7.35 with PaCO2 > 45 mmHg
Respiratory acidosis is characterised by a low pH below 7.35 combined with CO2 retention (PaCO2 > 45 mmHg), reflecting inadequate ventilation.
Question 3: What does the SBAR communication tool stand for?
- Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation (Correct answer)
- Signs, Background, Advice, Report
- Situation, Breathing, Assessment, Response
- Status, Background, Action, Review
Correct answer: Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation
SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) is a structured communication framework that improves clarity and safety during handoffs and urgent patient notifications.
Question 4: A patient's SpO2 drops to 88% on room air. What is the nurse's immediate priority?
- Apply supplemental oxygen and reassess (Correct answer)
- Order a chest X-ray first
- Document the finding and wait for rounds
- Administer IV morphine
Correct answer: Apply supplemental oxygen and reassess
An SpO2 of 88% indicates significant hypoxaemia; immediate supplemental oxygen is required to restore adequate tissue oxygenation.
Question 5: Which early sign of septic shock distinguishes it from other shock types?
- Warm, flushed skin with hypotension (warm shock phase) (Correct answer)
- Cold, clammy, mottled skin initially
- Hypertension with bradycardia
- Absence of fever
Correct answer: Warm, flushed skin with hypotension (warm shock phase)
In early septic shock (warm phase), vasodilation causes warm, flushed skin and hypotension, distinguishing it from the cool vasoconstriction seen in cardiogenic or hypovolaemic shock.
Question 6: Which device is used to deliver the highest concentration of oxygen to a spontaneously breathing patient in the ICU?
- Non-rebreather mask (delivers up to 90–100% O2) (Correct answer)
- Nasal cannula (maximum ~44% O2)
- Simple face mask (35–55% O2)
- Venturi mask (24–60% controlled O2)
Correct answer: Non-rebreather mask (delivers up to 90–100% O2)
A non-rebreather mask with an oxygen reservoir can deliver up to 90–100% inspired oxygen concentration, making it the highest delivery device for spontaneously breathing patients.
DHA Nursing Critical Care & Emergency 1
In adult basic life support (BLS), what is the correct chest compression rate?