DAT Biology: Cellular Metabolism 5

Question 1

Beta-oxidation of fatty acids occurs primarily in which organelle and produces what key product?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria, producing acetyl-CoA

Answer

Beta-oxidation in the mitochondrial matrix sequentially cleaves fatty acids into acetyl-CoA units.

Question 2

Gluconeogenesis, the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, occurs mainly in which organ?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Answer

The liver is the primary site of gluconeogenesis, maintaining blood glucose during fasting.

Question 3

Which pathway generates NADPH and 5-carbon sugars for nucleotide synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Pentose phosphate pathway

Answer

The pentose phosphate pathway produces NADPH for biosynthesis and ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotides.

Question 4

When dietary glucose is abundant, excess glucose is stored in liver and muscle as:

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Glycogenesis stores excess glucose as glycogen, a branched polymer, in liver and muscle.

Question 5

The hormone insulin generally promotes which metabolic state?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic storage of glucose and fat

Answer

Insulin signals the fed state, promoting glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and fat storage.

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