DAANCE Anatomy and Physiology 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which cranial nerve provides the primary sensory innervation to the maxillary teeth?
- Cranial nerve V2 (maxillary division of trigeminal) (Correct answer)
- Cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)
- Cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal)
- Cranial nerve V3 (mandibular division of trigeminal)
Correct answer: Cranial nerve V2 (maxillary division of trigeminal)
The maxillary division (V2) of the trigeminal nerve supplies sensory innervation to the maxillary teeth, palate, and surrounding structures.
Question 2: The carotid body located at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery primarily functions as a:
- Baroreceptor for blood pressure
- Chemoreceptor for oxygen and CO2 levels (Correct answer)
- Thermoceptor for blood temperature
- Mechanoreceptor for blood flow rate
Correct answer: Chemoreceptor for oxygen and CO2 levels
The carotid body is a peripheral chemoreceptor that detects changes in arterial oxygen, CO2, and pH levels to regulate respiration.
Question 3: Which layer of the airway wall contains cartilaginous rings that prevent collapse?
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Adventitia
- Musculocartilaginous layer (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Musculocartilaginous layer
The musculocartilaginous layer of the trachea and bronchi contains cartilaginous rings or plates that maintain airway patency.
Question 4: The functional residual capacity (FRC) of the lungs is the volume of air remaining after:
- Maximal forced expiration
- Normal tidal expiration (Correct answer)
- Maximal inspiration followed by normal expiration
- Forced vital capacity maneuver
Correct answer: Normal tidal expiration
FRC is the lung volume at the end of a normal passive expiration, representing the balance point between lung recoil and chest wall expansion.
Question 5: Which anatomical structure separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity?
- Epiglottis
- Hard and soft palate (Correct answer)
- Pharyngeal tonsil
- Uvula
Correct answer: Hard and soft palate
The hard palate (bony) anteriorly and soft palate (muscular) posteriorly form the roof of the mouth and floor of the nasal cavity.
Question 6: During a vasovagal syncope episode, which autonomic mechanism causes the initial bradycardia?
- Increased sympathetic stimulation of the SA node
- Increased parasympathetic stimulation via the vagus nerve (Correct answer)
- Inhibition of the baroreceptor reflex
- Release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla
Correct answer: Increased parasympathetic stimulation via the vagus nerve
Vasovagal syncope involves excessive parasympathetic (vagal) tone causing bradycardia and vasodilation, leading to a drop in cardiac output.
Question 7: The zygomatic arch is formed by the junction of which two bones?
- Maxilla and sphenoid
- Temporal and zygomatic bones (Correct answer)
- Frontal and parietal bones
- Nasal and lacrimal bones
Correct answer: Temporal and zygomatic bones
The zygomatic arch is formed by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone meeting the temporal process of the zygomatic bone.
DAANCE Anatomy and Physiology 4
Which cranial nerve provides the primary sensory innervation to the maxillary teeth?