CVP CVP Myocardial Protection and Cardioplegia

Question 1

What is the primary purpose of cardioplegia solution in cardiac surgery?

Accepted Answer

To arrest the heart and protect the myocardium from ischemic injury

Answer

To dilute blood during CPB

Answer

To improve systemic circulation during bypass

Answer

To provide systemic anticoagulation

Question 2

Which electrolyte is primarily responsible for inducing cardiac arrest in cardioplegia solution?

Accepted Answer

Potassium

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Magnesium

Question 3

What temperature range is typically used for cold blood cardioplegia delivery?

Accepted Answer

4–10°C

Answer

37°C

Answer

28°C

Answer

20°C

Question 4

Antegrade cardioplegia is delivered via which route?

Accepted Answer

Aortic root or coronary ostia

Answer

Coronary sinus

Answer

Pulmonary artery

Answer

Left ventricle directly

Question 5

Retrograde cardioplegia is delivered via which structure?

Accepted Answer

Coronary sinus

Answer

Aortic root

Answer

Right atrium

Answer

Left atrium

Question 6

What is the typical potassium concentration in a standard cardioplegia solution compared to normal plasma?

Accepted Answer

Markedly elevated (15–30 mEq/L)

Answer

Similar to plasma (3.5–5 mEq/L)

Answer

Slightly elevated (6–10 mEq/L)

Answer

Extremely elevated (50–70 mEq/L)