Patient Safety and Equipment Flashcards

What is the role of a centrifugal pump versus a roller pump in bypass?

Answer: Centrifugal pumps are less likely to cause massive air embolism and generate less hemolysis; roller pumps are simpler and less expensive

Centrifugal pumps generate flow through a spinning vortex and will not pump significant air, while roller pumps use occlusive compression and can pump air if the reservoir empties.

What is tubing spallation and why is it a concern?

Answer: The release of particles from the inner surface of pump tubing into the blood due to roller pump compression

Spallation occurs when roller pump compression damages the inner tubing surface, releasing microparticles into the patients blood that can cause organ damage.

What emergency procedures should be followed if there is a power failure during bypass?

Answer: Immediately switch to hand cranking the pump while activating backup power systems

In a power failure, the perfusionist must immediately hand-crank the pump to maintain circulation while backup power (UPS/generator) activates.

What is the purpose of the cardiotomy suction system?

Answer: To collect blood from the surgical field for processing and return to the patient

Cardiotomy suction collects shed blood from the operative field, which is then filtered and returned to the bypass circuit for reinfusion.

What infection control measures are essential for the bypass circuit?

Answer: Aseptic technique during circuit assembly, sterile components, and antibiotic prophylaxis

The entire bypass circuit must be assembled using aseptic technique with sterile, single-use components to prevent bloodstream infections.

What is the standard protocol for weaning a patient off cardiopulmonary bypass?

Answer: Gradually reduce pump flow while the heart resumes function, monitoring hemodynamics for stability

Weaning involves gradually reducing pump support as the heart resumes pumping, with careful monitoring of hemodynamics, rhythm, and contractility.