CST Anatomy & Physiology for Surgery 5

Question 1

Which segment of the nephron is primarily responsible for concentrating urine by reabsorbing water without solutes?

Accepted Answer

Collecting duct

Answer

The collecting duct reabsorbs water in response to ADH (antidiuretic hormone), concentrating the final urine.

Question 2

A patient requires a splenectomy. Which ligament must be divided to mobilize the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Splenorenal ligament

Answer

The splenorenal (lienorenal) ligament connects the spleen to the left kidney and contains the splenic vessels; dividing it is key to splenectomy.

Question 3

Which muscle forms the floor of the femoral triangle and contains the iliopsoas groove?

Accepted Answer

Iliopsoas

Answer

The iliopsoas muscle, along with the pectineus medially, forms the floor of the femoral triangle.

Question 4

What is the name of the tough fibrous layer covering individual muscles?

Accepted Answer

Epimysium

Answer

The epimysium is the dense connective tissue sheath that surrounds the entire muscle belly.

Question 5

Which plexus provides innervation to the diaphragm via the phrenic nerve?

Accepted Answer

Cervical plexus

Answer

The phrenic nerve arises from the cervical plexus (C3, C4, C5) and is the sole motor nerve of the diaphragm.

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