CST Anatomy & Physiology for Surgery 3

Question 1

Which cardiac valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Mitral valve

Answer

The mitral (bicuspid) valve guards the left atrioventricular orifice, preventing backflow from left ventricle to left atrium during systole.

Question 2

The blood-brain barrier is primarily formed by which cell type?

Accepted Answer

Astrocyte foot processes

Answer

Astrocyte end-feet (perivascular feet) ensheath brain capillaries and contribute to the tight junctions that form the blood-brain barrier.

Question 3

A surgical technologist is setting up for a right hemicolectomy. Which portion of the colon will be resected?

Accepted Answer

Cecum, ascending colon, and hepatic flexure

Answer

A right hemicolectomy removes the cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, and proximal transverse colon, with ileotransverse anastomosis.

Question 4

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine (and norepinephrine) as part of the sympathetic 'fight-or-flight' response.

Question 5

Which anatomical landmark defines the transition from the small intestine to the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Ileocecal valve

Answer

The ileocecal valve (Bauhin's valve) marks the junction between the terminal ileum and the cecum, controlling flow into the large intestine.

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