CPSS Foundations of Exercise Science 2

Question 1

Which muscle fiber type has the highest oxidative capacity and is most resistant to fatigue?

Accepted Answer

Type I

Answer

Type I (slow-twitch) fibers have the highest mitochondrial density and oxidative enzyme activity, making them highly fatigue-resistant.

Question 2

The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction states that sarcomere shortening occurs because:

Accepted Answer

Actin slides toward the center while myosin filaments remain stationary

Answer

In the sliding filament theory, thin actin filaments are pulled toward the M-line (center of the sarcomere) by myosin cross-bridges; neither filament changes length.

Question 3

During maximal aerobic exercise, which cardiovascular adaptation most significantly increases cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Both increased heart rate and stroke volume

Answer

Maximal cardiac output is achieved through simultaneous increases in both heart rate and stroke volume, with heart rate contributing more at very high intensities.

Question 4

The Fick equation for oxygen consumption (VO2) is expressed as:

Accepted Answer

VO2 = HR × SV × (CaO2 − CvO2)

Answer

The Fick equation states VO2 = Cardiac Output × arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2 diff), where cardiac output = HR × SV.

Question 5

Which metabolic pathway is the PRIMARY energy source during a 400-meter sprint?

Accepted Answer

Glycolytic (lactic acid) system

Answer

A 400-meter sprint lasting ~45–60 seconds relies predominantly on anaerobic glycolysis, which produces ATP rapidly but also generates lactate.

CPSS - Certified Performance and Sport Scientist Practice Test

CPSS - Certified Performance and Sport Scientist Practice Test

CPSS Foundations of Exercise Science 2