CPSS Foundational Scientific Disciplines 4

Question 1

Which concept explains why an athlete must progressively increase training load over time to continue eliciting performance adaptations?

Accepted Answer

Progressive overload principle

Answer

The progressive overload principle states that training stimuli must be systematically increased as the body adapts to prevent accommodation and continue driving adaptation.

Question 2

Satellite cells in skeletal muscle are primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Muscle repair and hypertrophy via myonuclear donation

Answer

Satellite cells are muscle stem cells that activate upon damage or hypertrophic stimuli, proliferate, and fuse with existing fibers to donate myonuclei, enabling growth and repair.

Question 3

The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction states that sarcomere shortening occurs because:

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments slide toward the M-line pulled by myosin cross-bridges

Answer

Actin thin filaments are pulled toward the M-line by cycling myosin cross-bridges, bringing the Z-discs closer together and shortening the sarcomere without filaments changing length.

Question 4

Validity in measurement refers to:

Accepted Answer

The degree to which a test measures what it claims to measure

Answer

Validity is the extent to which a measurement instrument actually measures the construct it is intended to assess, distinct from reliability which concerns consistency.

Question 5

Which pathway is the primary route for lactate clearance during moderate-intensity steady-state exercise?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation as a fuel substrate in active muscles and the heart

Answer

During moderate exercise, lactate is shuttled to oxidative tissues (Type I fibers, cardiac muscle) where it is converted to pyruvate and oxidized for ATP via the Cori cycle variant.

CPSS - Certified Performance and Sport Scientist Practice Test

CPSS - Certified Performance and Sport Scientist Practice Test

CPSS Foundational Scientific Disciplines 4