CPSS Applied Research Methods 2

Question 1

A sport scientist wants to determine whether a new recovery protocol reduces muscle soreness compared to cold water immersion. Which study design best establishes causality?

Accepted Answer

Randomized controlled trial

Answer

A randomized controlled trial with random group assignment and a control condition best establishes cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 2

Which statistical concept describes the probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Statistical power

Answer

Statistical power (1 − β) is the probability of detecting a true effect when it exists.

Question 3

A researcher finds r = 0.08 between sprint speed and recovery heart rate. How should this be interpreted?

Accepted Answer

Negligible correlation

Answer

An r of 0.08 is near zero and indicates essentially no linear relationship between the two variables.

Question 4

In a repeated-measures ANOVA, which assumption must be met that is unique compared to a between-subjects ANOVA?

Accepted Answer

Sphericity

Answer

Sphericity requires that variances of the differences between all pairs of repeated conditions are equal, which is unique to repeated-measures designs.

Question 5

Which type of validity refers to the extent that a test measures what it claims to measure in the real-world context?

Accepted Answer

Ecological validity

Answer

Ecological validity assesses how well a test's findings generalize to real-world settings and populations.

CPSS - Certified Performance and Sport Scientist Practice Test

CPSS - Certified Performance and Sport Scientist Practice Test

CPSS Applied Research Methods 2