Applied Research Methods Flashcards

A CPSS practitioner compares VO2max values measured by a metabolic cart and a field test in the same athletes on the same day. This is an example of assessing which type of validity?

Answer: Concurrent validity

Concurrent validity is established when a new measure correlates with a gold-standard measure administered at the same time.

In a crossover study design, what is the primary purpose of a washout period?

Answer: To eliminate carryover effects from the previous condition

A washout period allows the effects of the first treatment to dissipate before participants receive the next condition, preventing carryover bias.

Which measure of central tendency is most resistant to the influence of extreme outliers?

Answer: Median

The median is resistant to outliers because it reflects the middle score rather than the arithmetic average of all scores.

A sport scientist uses GPS data from an entire season to analyze training load patterns without manipulating any variables. This describes which research approach?

Answer: Descriptive/observational research

Descriptive or observational research examines variables as they naturally occur without researcher manipulation.

In hypothesis testing, a Type I error occurs when:

Answer: A true null hypothesis is rejected

A Type I error (false positive) is rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true, controlled by the alpha level.

Which nonparametric test is the appropriate alternative to the independent samples t-test when data violate normality assumptions?

Answer: Mann-Whitney U test

The Mann-Whitney U test compares two independent groups without assuming normal distribution, making it the nonparametric equivalent of the independent t-test.

When conducting a systematic review, PRISMA guidelines primarily govern which aspect of the reporting process?

Answer: Transparent and complete reporting of search and selection methods

PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) provides a checklist ensuring transparent reporting of the search, screening, and inclusion process.