CPNRE Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A practical nurse is teaching a group of community members about primary prevention. Which activity BEST represents primary prevention?
- Screening hypertensive clients for kidney disease
- Administering influenza vaccines to healthy adults (Correct answer)
- Providing physiotherapy after a stroke
- Teaching a diabetic client foot care
Correct answer: Administering influenza vaccines to healthy adults
Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs; immunization of healthy individuals is the hallmark example.
Question 2: A nurse is conducting a community health assessment. Which determinant of health most significantly influences the overall health of a population?
- Access to health care services
- Individual lifestyle choices
- Social and economic factors (Correct answer)
- Genetic predisposition
Correct answer: Social and economic factors
Social and economic factors (income, education, employment) are the strongest determinants of population health according to public health frameworks used in Canada.
Question 3: When teaching a client about secondary prevention, which example should the nurse include?
- Annual Pap smear screening for cervical cancer (Correct answer)
- Quitting smoking to prevent lung disease
- Cardiac rehabilitation after a myocardial infarction
- Hand hygiene to prevent infection
Correct answer: Annual Pap smear screening for cervical cancer
Secondary prevention involves early detection of existing disease; Pap smears screen for pre-cancerous cervical changes before symptoms arise.
Question 4: A nurse uses the PRECEDE-PROCEED model for a health promotion program. During the epidemiological assessment phase, the nurse would focus on:
- Identifying educational and motivational factors influencing behaviour
- Measuring health outcomes such as morbidity and mortality data (Correct answer)
- Evaluating the effectiveness of health promotion interventions
- Assessing the quality of life and social factors in the community
Correct answer: Measuring health outcomes such as morbidity and mortality data
The epidemiological assessment phase of PRECEDE-PROCEED identifies health problems and their causes through morbidity, mortality, and risk factor data.
Question 5: A practical nurse is teaching a client about lifestyle modifications to prevent cardiovascular disease. Which instruction is MOST important?
- Limit sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg per day
- Perform aerobic exercise for at least 150 minutes per week (Correct answer)
- Maintain a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9
- Avoid all saturated fats in the diet
Correct answer: Perform aerobic exercise for at least 150 minutes per week
Regular aerobic exercise at the recommended level is one of the most evidence-based strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention, reducing risk factors comprehensively.
Question 6: Which screening interval is recommended by Canadian guidelines for colorectal cancer screening in average-risk adults aged 50–74?
- Annual fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
- Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) every 2 years (Correct answer)
- Colonoscopy every 5 years
- Sigmoidoscopy every year
Correct answer: Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) every 2 years
Canadian guidelines recommend a FIT every 2 years for average-risk adults aged 50–74 as the preferred colorectal cancer screening strategy.
Question 7: A nurse is planning a smoking cessation program. Which approach is supported by the highest level of evidence for long-term quit success?
- Motivational interviewing alone
- Nicotine replacement therapy combined with behavioral counselling (Correct answer)
- Cold-turkey cessation without support
- Hypnotherapy sessions
Correct answer: Nicotine replacement therapy combined with behavioral counselling
Combining nicotine replacement therapy with behavioural counselling produces the highest quit rates according to systematic reviews and is endorsed by Health Canada.
CPNRE Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 1
A practical nurse is teaching a group of community members about primary prevention.
Which activity BEST represents primary prevention?