Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Flashcards

A practical nurse is teaching a group of community members about primary prevention. Which activity BEST represents primary prevention?

Answer: Administering influenza vaccines to healthy adults

Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs; immunization of healthy individuals is the hallmark example.

A nurse is conducting a community health assessment. Which determinant of health most significantly influences the overall health of a population?

Answer: Social and economic factors

Social and economic factors (income, education, employment) are the strongest determinants of population health according to public health frameworks used in Canada.

When teaching a client about secondary prevention, which example should the nurse include?

Answer: Annual Pap smear screening for cervical cancer

Secondary prevention involves early detection of existing disease; Pap smears screen for pre-cancerous cervical changes before symptoms arise.

A nurse uses the PRECEDE-PROCEED model for a health promotion program. During the epidemiological assessment phase, the nurse would focus on:

Answer: Measuring health outcomes such as morbidity and mortality data

The epidemiological assessment phase of PRECEDE-PROCEED identifies health problems and their causes through morbidity, mortality, and risk factor data.

A practical nurse is teaching a client about lifestyle modifications to prevent cardiovascular disease. Which instruction is MOST important?

Answer: Perform aerobic exercise for at least 150 minutes per week

Regular aerobic exercise at the recommended level is one of the most evidence-based strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention, reducing risk factors comprehensively.

Which screening interval is recommended by Canadian guidelines for colorectal cancer screening in average-risk adults aged 50–74?

Answer: Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) every 2 years

Canadian guidelines recommend a FIT every 2 years for average-risk adults aged 50–74 as the preferred colorectal cancer screening strategy.

A nurse is planning a smoking cessation program. Which approach is supported by the highest level of evidence for long-term quit success?

Answer: Nicotine replacement therapy combined with behavioral counselling

Combining nicotine replacement therapy with behavioural counselling produces the highest quit rates according to systematic reviews and is endorsed by Health Canada.