Surgical Procedures & Techniques Flashcards

Which ophthalmic surgery is performed to remove a cloudy lens?

Answer: Cataract surgery

Cataract surgery is the standard ophthalmic procedure specifically designed to remove a cloudy lens, which is the defining characteristic of a cataract. During this surgery, the clouded natural lens is extracted and typically replaced with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). This intervention effectively restores clear vision by eliminating the opacity caused by the cataract.

What is the primary purpose of phacoemulsification in cataract surgery?

Answer: To use ultrasound waves to remove the cataract

Phacoemulsification is a modern cataract surgery technique that utilizes high-frequency ultrasound waves to break up the cloudy lens into tiny fragments. These fragments are then aspirated (suctioned) out of the eye through a small incision. This method is highly efficient and allows for a less invasive procedure compared to older techniques, facilitating quicker recovery times for patients.

Which procedure is commonly performed to correct refractive errors like myopia?

Answer: LASIK surgery

LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) surgery is a widely performed refractive procedure used to correct common vision problems such as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), and astigmatism. It works by reshaping the cornea with an excimer laser, altering its curvature to improve the eye's focusing power. This allows light to properly focus on the retina, reducing or eliminating the need for glasses or contact lenses.

What is the function of a vitrectomy in ophthalmic surgery?

Answer: To remove the vitreous humor and treat retinal conditions

Vitrectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of the vitreous humor, the gel-like substance that fills the center of the eye. This is performed to gain access to the retina and treat various conditions such as retinal detachments, diabetic retinopathy, macular holes, and vitreous hemorrhages. By removing the vitreous, the surgeon can repair or treat underlying retinal issues, often improving or preserving vision.

Which surgical technique is used to treat glaucoma by improving fluid drainage?

Answer: Trabeculectomy

Trabeculectomy is a surgical procedure specifically designed to treat glaucoma by creating a new drainage pathway for the aqueous humor, the fluid inside the eye. This helps to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP), which is a primary cause of optic nerve damage in glaucoma. By lowering eye pressure, trabeculectomy aims to prevent further vision loss from the disease.

What is the purpose of a corneal transplant in ophthalmic surgery?

Answer: To replace a damaged cornea and restore vision

A corneal transplant, also known as keratoplasty, is a surgical procedure where a diseased or damaged cornea is replaced with healthy donor corneal tissue. This surgery is performed to restore vision in individuals suffering from corneal diseases, injuries, or scarring that significantly impair sight. It can correct conditions like keratoconus, Fuchs' dystrophy, or severe corneal infections, allowing light to enter the eye clearly again.