COST Ocular Pathology & Disease Recognition

Question 1

Which type of cataract is most commonly associated with corticosteroid use and diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Posterior subcapsular cataract

Answer

Nuclear cataract

Answer

Cortical cataract

Answer

Anterior subcapsular cataract

Question 2

The primary pathological mechanism in primary open-angle glaucoma involves:

Accepted Answer

Impaired drainage through the trabecular meshwork

Answer

Pupillary block preventing aqueous flow

Answer

Decreased production of aqueous humor

Answer

Increased vitreous humor production

Question 3

Drusen deposits in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are located between which two layers?

Accepted Answer

Retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane

Answer

Inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer

Answer

Choroid and sclera

Answer

Vitreous and internal limiting membrane

Question 4

Which finding is characteristic of non-proliferative (background) diabetic retinopathy?

Accepted Answer

Microaneurysms and dot-blot hemorrhages

Answer

Neovascularization of the optic disc

Answer

Vitreous hemorrhage

Answer

Tractional retinal detachment

Question 5

Exudative (serous) retinal detachment differs from rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in that it:

Accepted Answer

Involves subretinal fluid without any retinal tear or break

Answer

Results from a full-thickness retinal break

Answer

Is caused by vitreous traction on the retinal surface

Answer

Always presents with photopsia and floaters

Question 6

A pterygium is a fibrovascular growth that typically originates from:

Accepted Answer

The nasal conjunctiva and extends toward the cornea

Answer

The iris and extends to the corneal stroma

Answer

The posterior capsule of the crystalline lens

Answer

The retinal pigment epithelium

Question 7

Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy primarily causes vision loss by affecting which corneal layer?

Accepted Answer

Endothelium

Answer

Epithelium

Answer

Bowman's layer

Answer

Stroma