Cosmetology Test Scientific Concepts 5

Question 1

What is the main active ingredient in most sodium hydroxide (lye) hair relaxers?

Accepted Answer

Sodium hydroxide

Answer

Ammonium thioglycolate

Answer

Hydrogen peroxide

Answer

Sodium lauryl sulfate

Question 2

Which term describes the process of a substance passing from a higher concentration to a lower concentration across a semi-permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Absorption

Answer

Evaporation

Question 3

What type of melanin produces red and yellow pigment in hair?

Accepted Answer

Pheomelanin

Answer

Eumelanin

Answer

Neuromelanin

Answer

Carotene

Question 4

In cosmetology, what does the term 'emulsification' refer to?

Accepted Answer

The blending of two immiscible liquids into a stable mixture

Answer

The separation of oil and water

Answer

The hardening of a liquid into a solid

Answer

The evaporation of a solvent

Question 5

Which nail structure contains blood vessels and nerves and is located beneath the nail plate?

Accepted Answer

Nail bed

Answer

Lunula

Answer

Hyponychium

Answer

Eponychium

Question 6

What is the purpose of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in a two-part hair color system?

Accepted Answer

To oxidize the color molecules and develop the color

Answer

To deposit pigment directly into the cortex

Answer

To close the cuticle after coloring

Answer

To remove natural pigment without any color addition

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a surfactant's role in shampoo?

Accepted Answer

It lowers the surface tension of water to lift dirt and oil

Answer

It provides conditioning and smoothing to the cuticle

Answer

It raises the pH to open the cuticle for cleansing

Answer

It adds fragrance and preserves the product