Endocrine and Reproductive Systems Flashcards

A 16-year-old girl presents with primary amenorrhea, short stature, webbed neck, and shield chest. Karyotype is 45,X. Which is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer: Turner syndrome

Turner syndrome (45,X) presents with ovarian dysgenesis, short stature, and characteristic somatic features including webbed neck and shield chest.

On COMSAE, which lab finding is most consistent with Graves' disease?

Answer: Low TSH, elevated free T4, positive TSI antibodies

Graves' disease is an autoimmune hyperthyroidism caused by TSH receptor-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI), resulting in low TSH and elevated thyroid hormones.

A diabetic patient is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 32 mg/dL. Which is the immediate treatment if IV access cannot be established?

Answer: Glucagon IM injection

Glucagon IM stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, raising blood glucose when IV access is unavailable in severe hypoglycemia.

Which osteopathic structural finding is classically associated with viscerosomatic reflexes from the pancreas?

Answer: T5-T9 somatic dysfunction

The pancreas has sympathetic innervation from T5-T9 via the splanchnic nerves, so pancreatic pathology commonly produces somatic dysfunction in this thoracic region.

A 50-year-old man with type 2 diabetes develops progressive proteinuria. Kidney biopsy shows Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules. What pathological process is demonstrated?

Answer: Nodular glomerulosclerosis

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules represent nodular glomerulosclerosis, the pathological hallmark of advanced diabetic nephropathy caused by mesangial matrix expansion.

In a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), which triad of tumors is classically expected?

Answer: Parathyroid, pituitary, and pancreatic tumors

MEN1 (Wermer's syndrome) involves mutations in the menin tumor suppressor gene causing parathyroid adenomas, pituitary tumors, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.