COKO Pharmacology Fundamentals 5

Question 1

A client taking diuretics for heart failure presents with muscle cramps during exercise. Which electrolyte disturbance is the most likely pharmacological cause?

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemia

Answer

Loop and thiazide diuretics increase urinary potassium excretion, and hypokalemia can cause muscle cramps and weakness.

Question 2

A drug that produces a submaximal response even when all receptors are occupied is called a:

Accepted Answer

Partial agonist

Answer

A partial agonist activates receptors but has lower intrinsic efficacy than a full agonist, producing a ceiling effect below the maximum response.

Question 3

A kinesiologist's client is using a transdermal nicotine patch for smoking cessation. What pharmacokinetic advantage does this route offer?

Accepted Answer

Avoidance of first-pass hepatic metabolism

Answer

Transdermal drug delivery bypasses the gastrointestinal tract and liver, avoiding first-pass metabolism and providing sustained systemic release.

Question 4

When two drugs are combined and produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects, this is called:

Accepted Answer

Synergism (potentiation)

Answer

Synergism (or potentiation) occurs when combined drug effects exceed the arithmetic sum of each drug's individual effect.

Question 5

A client on immunosuppressants post-organ transplant wants to begin resistance training. Which pharmacological concern is most relevant for exercise prescription?

Accepted Answer

Increased infection susceptibility requiring hygiene precautions

Answer

Immunosuppressants reduce immune defense, making clients highly susceptible to infections in gym environments.

(COKO) College of Kinesiologists of Ontario Practice Test

(COKO) College of Kinesiologists of Ontario Practice Test

COKO Pharmacology Fundamentals 5