COKO COKO Anatomy and Biomechanics 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which plane of the body divides it into anterior (front) and posterior (back) halves?
- Frontal (coronal) plane (Correct answer)
- Sagittal plane
- Transverse plane
- Oblique plane
Correct answer: Frontal (coronal) plane
The frontal (coronal) plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections and is the plane in which abduction and adduction movements occur.
Question 2: The gluteus maximus is the primary muscle responsible for which movement at the hip?
- Hip extension (Correct answer)
- Hip flexion
- Hip abduction
- Hip internal rotation
Correct answer: Hip extension
The gluteus maximus is the largest and most powerful hip extensor, critical for activities like rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and sprinting.
Question 3: What type of joint is the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?
- Ball-and-socket joint (Correct answer)
- Hinge joint
- Pivot joint
- Condyloid joint
Correct answer: Ball-and-socket joint
The glenohumeral joint is a ball-and-socket joint allowing the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body across multiple planes.
Question 4: During a squat, which muscle group acts as the primary knee extensor?
- Quadriceps femoris (Correct answer)
- Hamstrings
- Gastrocnemius
- Tibialis anterior
Correct answer: Quadriceps femoris
The quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, lateralis, and intermedius) are the primary knee extensors active during the ascending phase of a squat.
Question 5: The term 'valgus' at the knee refers to:
- Inward angulation of the knee (knees cave medially) (Correct answer)
- Outward angulation of the knee (knees bow laterally)
- Hyperextension of the knee
- Anterior displacement of the tibia
Correct answer: Inward angulation of the knee (knees cave medially)
Knee valgus describes medial collapse of the knee joint, a common movement fault associated with increased ACL injury risk, often corrected in kinesiological assessments.
Question 6: Which anatomical term describes movement away from the midline of the body?
- Abduction (Correct answer)
- Adduction
- Flexion
- Pronation
Correct answer: Abduction
Abduction is movement of a limb away from the body's midline, such as raising the arm laterally or spreading the legs apart.
COKO COKO Anatomy and Biomechanics 1
Which plane of the body divides it into anterior (front) and posterior (back) halves?