CO CO Pediatric Vision Development & Screening 2

Question 1

Infantile esotropia (congenital esotropia) is defined by onset before which age with what typical characteristics?

Accepted Answer

6 months; large angle, no significant refractive error

Answer

Infantile esotropia presents before 6 months of age with a large, stable angle of deviation and typically normal or low degrees of hyperopia.

Question 2

Accommodative esotropia is MOST commonly associated with which refractive error?

Accepted Answer

High hyperopia

Answer

Accommodative esotropia is typically caused by uncorrected hyperopia, which drives excessive accommodation and associated convergence, causing esotropia.

Question 3

Deprivation amblyopia, caused by conditions such as congenital cataracts, is the MOST severe form because:

Accepted Answer

It completely deprives the visual cortex of form vision during the critical period

Answer

Deprivation amblyopia is most severe because form vision is completely blocked during the critical sensitive period, causing profound cortical underrepresentation.

Question 4

When performing a cover-uncover test on a child, a refixation movement of the uncovered eye indicates which condition?

Accepted Answer

Heterotropia (manifest deviation)

Answer

If the uncovered eye moves to take up fixation when the other eye is covered, a manifest tropia (heterotropia) is present in that eye.

Question 5

Duane retraction syndrome Type I is characterized by which motility pattern?

Accepted Answer

Limitation of abduction with globe retraction on adduction

Answer

Duane Type I presents with limited or absent abduction and globe retraction with narrowing of the palpebral fissure on adduction, due to aberrant CN III innervation of the lateral rectus.

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CO CO Pediatric Vision Development & Screening 2