CMT - Certified Medical Technician Anatomy and Physiology Basics Questions and Answers 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A resident has diabetes, a condition related to the regulation of blood sugar. This function is primarily controlled by insulin, a hormone produced by which endocrine gland?
- Thyroid gland
- Adrenal gland
- Pancreas (Correct answer)
- Pituitary gland
Correct answer: Pancreas
The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon, which are essential hormones for regulating blood glucose levels. In diabetes, the pancreas's ability to produce or use insulin is impaired.
Question 2: Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood through the aorta to the rest of the body?
- Right atrium
- Left ventricle (Correct answer)
- Right ventricle
- Left atrium
Correct answer: Left ventricle
The left ventricle is the most muscular chamber of the heart. It receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta, the body's largest artery, to be distributed systemically.
Question 3: A resident is using an inhaler for asthma. The medication needs to reach the smallest air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. What are these structures called?
- Bronchi
- Trachea
- Larynx
- Alveoli (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Alveoli
The alveoli are the tiny, numerous air sacs at the end of the respiratory tract where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the bloodstream takes place.
Question 4: The central nervous system (CNS) is the primary control center for the body. A medication that is classified as a 'CNS depressant' will primarily affect which two anatomical structures?
- Brain and spinal cord (Correct answer)
- Peripheral nerves and ganglia
- Heart and lungs
- Stomach and intestines
Correct answer: Brain and spinal cord
The central nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. These two structures work together to process information and coordinate all bodily functions.
Question 5: A CMT is administering several medications to a resident and understands that most of them will be filtered out of the bloodstream and excreted. Which organ is the primary site for filtering blood and eliminating most drugs from the body?
- Liver
- Spleen
- Bladder
- Kidneys (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Kidneys
The kidneys are the main organs of the urinary system that filter waste products, excess water, and drugs from the blood to create urine. Proper kidney function is crucial for drug clearance.
Question 6: When a CMT applies a medicated patch, the drug is absorbed through the skin to enter the bloodstream. To do this, the medication must pass through the epidermis and reach which underlying layer that contains blood vessels?
- Hypodermis
- Dermis (Correct answer)
- Stratum corneum
- Subcutaneous tissue
Correct answer: Dermis
The dermis is the layer of skin directly beneath the epidermis. It is rich in blood vessels, nerves, and glands. For a medication to have a systemic effect, it must be absorbed into the capillaries located within the dermis.
CMT - Certified Medical Technician Anatomy and Physiology Basics Questions and Answers 1
A resident has diabetes, a condition related to the regulation of blood sugar.
This function is primarily controlled by insulin, a hormone produced by which endocrine gland?